2013 2011
Touch ID
The rise of mobile boosted the popularity of passwordless technology . In 2013 , Apple introduced Touch ID , a precursor to Face ID , making passwordless biometric authentication ubiquitous today . Since then , passwordless strategies have allowed mobile-first businesses to authenticate users and perform account verification in a single , easy step through a user ’ s mobile phone .
Multi-factor biometrics
In late 2011 , IBM predicted that “ multifactor biometrics ” would become the dominant authentication protocol , creating a completely passwordless world . Two years later , in 2013 , Google announced it had made multi-factor authentication protocols standard within the organisation .
1990s 1998
Single Sign-On
The first Single Sign-On solutions appeared with Active Directory in the late 1990s , an early Access Management system that was first launched with Windows 2000 Server Edition . SSO helped organisations manage user authentication across an entire network of applications .
Multi-factor authentication
The late 1990s and 2000s saw the rise of multi-factor authentication . AT & T actually holds the earliest recognised patent – dating back to 1998 – but multi-factor auth ( MFA ) and single sign-on ( SSO ) really took off when organisations like Google began building them into their applications as a form of passwordindependent authentication .
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